Colby Cosh: Smith won against separatism. Her battle with socialism is just beginning - National Post

Alberta Premier Danielle Smith answered media questions about the results of the referendum during a press conference at McDougall Center in Calgary on Wednesday, October 21, 2026. Gavin Young/PostmediaArticle contentHaving had a few days now to watch realtime reactions to Monday’s Alberta referendum result, I keep thinking of the U.S. Civil War. It was the first major war, the first continental-scale war, to be conducted in the face of mass media, and in the presence of “news” as we now understand it; and, of course, it was itself a product of emerging new media.

So a new feature of the American Civil War was realtime second-guessing of strategy and generalship; the people became capable of conducting arguments and trading information and speculating about individual leaders, even though those leaders themselves had to constantly make decisions with insufficient and incomplete information. (And historians are still arguing about it all.) No one in history before Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman and Joseph E. Johnston and John Bell Hood had to face the kind of public pressure and the weight of democratic judgment they did while trying to win a war.

Alberta Premier Danielle Smith is a general trying to win a war — that is, the next Alberta general election, which is scheduled for almost exactly a year from now. Her problem is that she leads a “United” conservative party split nearly down the middle on whether Alberta should pursue an independence strategy, a Quebec-like political strategy. Outright secessionists and pro-American fifth columnists are a minority even in the party, but there is plenty of softer and less articulate Alberta “nationalism,” if you will.

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All of this sentiment is genuinely hard to understand, classify and unify (i.e., exploit). If a Conservative leader gets the exact ideological formula right, political victory in Alberta is relatively easy for a conservative brand. The opposition New Democrats are tightly allied, and have a stronghold in the capital, but they have chosen a leader who has a long track record as the mayor of Calgary, which is where Alberta elections are decided. This record did not make Naheed Nenshi especially popular; he faces a lot of fatigue and hatred at home, where he did leave a legacy of infrastructure mistakes and disorderly finances. He has led the NDP(A) for two and a half years, and the party spent most of that time a little behind the United Conservatives in the polls. In recent ones, for whatever that’s worth, they’re level or slightly ahead.

NDP government in Alberta, though ideologically moderate by Canadian standards, left the Alberta hinterland ultra-radicalized against a repeat of the 2015-2019 socialist experiment. Exploding culture war has only made that part of the map harder for them. The referendum that was just held, with a handful of constitutional and political issues on the ballot, is a key part of the Smith strategy. Alberta sovereigntists were given the direct-democracy test they had demanded. Direct democracy, which for decades promised and then denied to Albertans by Conservative party leaders, was in itself part of the plan: this is a part of the strategic picture that might not be so obvious to observers outside Alberta.