Some of British nurse Lucy Letby’s baby murders could have been avoided, inquiry finds

Letby, 36, was convicted in 2023 of murdering seven newborns and attempting to murder six others, making her Britain’s most prolific serial child killer of modern times.

LIVERPOOL, England – British nurse Lucy Letby was able to murder seven babies because of a “complete failure” to protect babies at the hospital at which she worked, and some of the deaths could have been avoided, the chair of an inquiry said on Sept 15.

Inquiry chair Kathryn Thirlwall criticised senior staff for not acting sooner, blaming dysfunctional management at the Countess of Chester Hospital, in northern England, and a basic lack of understanding of safeguarding.

Letby, 36, was convicted in 2023 of murdering seven newborns and attempting to murder six others, making her Britain’s most prolific serial child killer of modern times. She was later convicted of another attempted murder charge.

Prosecutors said Letby attacked the newborns by giving them an overdose of insulin, injecting them with air or force-feeding them milk between June 2015 and June 2016, in a case that shocked Britain and drew worldwide attention.

But Letby, who was sentenced to life without parole and maintains she is innocent, has also been the subject of a growing campaign, backed by some medical experts and specialists, that has publicly questioned her convictions.

Thirlwall, who previously criticised “noise” around the case, did not address Letby’s guilt or innocence in her report, dealing with the Countess of Chester Hospital’s response and whether suspicions should have been raised earlier.

She also emphasised the impact on those whose children were harmed, saying: “The families must not be collateral damage in the public argument about whether or not Letby is guilty.”

The contents of her report, though, will be pored over by those who assert Letby’s innocence, around two dozen of whom gathered outside Liverpool Town Hall on Sept 15.

It will also be examined by the Criminal Cases Review Commission, an independent body that reviews potential miscarriages of justice and is considering an application from Letby’s legal team.

“This inquiry has proceeded on the wrong premise and it follows that this has inevitably affected the report as a whole,” Letby’s lawyer, Mark McDonald, said in a statement.

“Once there was suspicion that Letby may be causing harm deliberately, safeguarding steps should have been taken,” Thirlwall said as she delivered her final report.

She added: “No one seems to have thought that safeguarding action is required when a member of staff is suspected of causing deliberate harm. Suspicion is enough.”

She made a series of recommendations to improve neonatal services in the state-run National Health Service, calling on the government to tackle the “longstanding underfunding of hospital services for babies and children”.

Thirlwall also suggested a series of measures to protect patients, including fitting cots and incubators with cameras, stronger insulin storage safeguards and an NHS protocol for when staff are suspected to have deliberately harmed a patient.

Richard Scorer, a lawyer at Slater and Gordon who represents three families, said Thirlwall’s recommendations should be implemented without delay.

“Far too often public inquiry recommendations are left to gather dust,” he said.

Thirlwall’s report was particularly critical of senior executives and nursing leaders at the Countess of Chester Hospital, saying at least two of Letby’s murders could have been prevented if action was taken sooner.

Three senior hospital managers were arrested in 2025 on suspicion of gross negligence manslaughter and remain under investigation, Cheshire Police said, with one of the three also suspected of perverting the course of justice.

Evidence submitted by the force in support of further charges relating to Letby’s time working at the Countess of Chester Hospital and Liverpool Women’s Hospital was, however, deemed to be insufficient by prosecutors in 2025. REUTERS