Sugar-coated lie: how the state feeds Pakistan's bitter cartel

In Pakistan, sweetening the fortunes of a select few requires making life progressively more bitter for the common citizen. The Economic Coordination Committee's (ECC) approval to export 108,000 metric tonnes of sugar is a policy flip-flop that highlights structural exploitation. The state is actively assisting in emptying the domestic buffer stock, laying the groundwork for a predictable domestic price hike. This strategy serves a sugar cartel that spans Pakistan's political spectrum. The absurdity of the policy is striking. Just a year ago, the state spent substantial taxpayer money to import expensive sugar to stabilise a domestic market destabilised by artificial shortages and inflation. Today, the Ministry of National Food Security and Research has reversed course, arguing that a projected bumper crop requires exporting that same stock to relieve millers of a "liquidity crisis". This strategy follows a familiar pattern: millers declare a surplus to secure export approval, prices spike due to sudden domestic shortages, and the government steps in with emergency imports funded by public money, restarting the cycle. Beyond consumer exploitation, this policy carries severe environmental and agricultural consequences. Sugarcane is an exceptionally water-intensive crop, consuming vast quantities of Pakistan's rapidly depleting groundwater reserves. By providing state-backed safety nets and artificial export incentives to sugar millers, the government effectively subsidises the virtual export of water, a scarce natural resource, to international buyers at discount rates. This distorts agricultural incentives, diverting precious land and water away from essential staple crops like wheat, which the country must then import at exorbitant costs. This engineered cycle persists because the line between regulator and regulated does not exist. The sugar cartel is embedded within the ruling coalition, crossing party lines. When state policy consistently prioritises the cash flow of wealthy mill owners over the food security of regular families, it reflects systemic policy capture. The Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP) explicitly warned the government that millers provide manipulated, inaccurate data to secure export nods. Yet, the state accepted the industry's numbers, prioritising elite corporate profits over market stability. The failure to address this issue rests with the Prime Minister. The current administration has ignored structural solutions, specifically a comprehensive report by a high-powered committee formed under the previous minister, Dr Tassaduq Malik. That committee concluded that the only way to end this cycle of corruption was to completely remove the state's footprint from the sugar trade, recommending that production, pricing and imports be left entirely to the private sector without taxpayer subsidies or state interventions. Instead of enacting these market reforms, the government opted for political adjustments. Dr Malik's portfolio was changed, and the reform summary was sidelined. By ignoring these recommendations, the Prime Minister has protected a lucrative, politically connected monopoly. Maintaining state control over sugar allows the government to distribute export quotas, subsidise inefficiencies and turn a blind eye to data manipulation. This approach protects political allies while ignoring commitments to international lenders regarding market distortions. The defence offered by government representatives, claiming that domestic prices will remain stable, contradicts historical trends. Exporting a strategic buffer stock removes a vital safeguard against market manipulation. When local prices inevitably rise, the public will bear the cost, while political insiders profit from international sales. The administration's handling of the sugar sector reveals a disconnect between reform rhetoric and policy reality. True economic governance requires dismantling elite privileges. Until the Prime Minister acts on structural reforms and removes state protections for politically-connected industries, official assurances remain a sugar-coated lie.